In today’s rapidly evolving urban environments, communication needs to be instant, dynamic, and visually engaging. PRIMA’s Digital Signage and Centralized Management System (CMS) are redefining how information is shared — from bustling shopping malls and transportation hubs to modern campuses and corporate spaces.

More than just screens, PRIMA Digital Signage is a connected platform that brings messages, media, and moments to life. Designed for scalability and real-time content delivery, it ensures that every piece of information reaches the right audience, at the right time.

💡 Smarter Urban Communication

Whether guiding visitors through a shopping center, displaying real-time announcements in a subway station, or sharing updates across a university campus, PRIMA Digital Signage enables organizations to manage and distribute content efficiently through PRIMA CMS — a centralized platform that supports multimedia publishing, device monitoring, and scheduling.

🖥 Seamless Integration and Flexibility

PRIMA’s solutions are built with flexibility in mind. From single-screen installations to multi-display walls, our systems integrate effortlessly with various devices and networks. Businesses can customize layouts, schedule messages, and automate updates with just a few clicks, ensuring effortless management across diverse environments.

🌍 Building Smarter, More Connected Spaces

As cities and institutions embrace digital transformation, PRIMA stands at the intersection of design, technology, and communication. Our goal is simple — to make every public space smarter, more connected, and more engaging through intelligent display solutions.

✨ PRIMA Digital Signage and CMS — where information meets innovation.

As the holiday season approaches, stores around the world are preparing for the busiest shopping weeks of the year. In this fast-paced retail environment, attention is the new currency — and digital displays are the key to capturing it.

PRIMA’s Digital Signage and CMS (Centralized Management System) offer retailers a seamless, centralized way to manage and deliver content across multiple locations and devices. From product promotions to real-time updates, every screen becomes an opportunity to engage, inform, and inspire customers.

💡 Create Dynamic In-Store Experiences

From vibrant storefront LED walls and sleek digital kiosks to PRIMA’s new Even Bezel Monitors, our Digital Signage solutions elevate visual communication and brand storytelling.

With the PRIMA CMS (Centralized Management System), retailers can easily schedule, update, and personalize content — keeping every display engaging, consistent, and relevant throughout the shopping day.

🧩 Intelligent Content Management

With PRIMA CMS, managing content across hundreds of displays is effortless. The platform allows remote updates, real-time synchronization, and flexible scheduling — empowering marketing teams to deliver the right message, at the right time, to the right audience.

🌍 From Local Shops to Global Chains

PRIMA’s scalable solutions are built for all levels of retail. Whether you’re managing a boutique store or a nationwide chain, our technology adapts to your needs, ensuring a consistent, high-quality visual experience across every location.

As the retail industry continues to evolve, PRIMA Digital Signage and CMS stand at the intersection of technology, creativity, and communication — helping brands connect with customers in smarter, more meaningful ways.

In the commercial vehicle sector, safe operation and efficient management are the foundation of sustainable business growth. Whether it's ensuring cargo security in long-haul freight, protecting drivers and passengers in passenger transport, or maintaining operational standards for engineering vehicles, a smart monitoring solution tailored to real-world needs is essential.

With years of expertise in the in-vehicle video industry, HUABAO has developed customized AI dashcams specifically designed for commercial vehicle applications. These intelligent devices are transforming fleet management by delivering scenario-based solutions that help businesses reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance safety across the entire operational chain.

Our AI dashcams are precisely adapted to meet the unique demands of different commercial vehicle scenarios. For long-haul freight, the system monitors driver behavior in real time—detecting fatigue, distraction, and other risky actions—and provides instant alerts to prevent accidents. At the same time, it records the full transportation process, helping to prevent theft or damage and providing solid evidence in case of disputes.

In public transport and passenger fleet operations, the AI dashcam enables accurate passenger flow analysis and monitors interactions between drivers and passengers. Integrated with a remote fleet management platform, this data supports smarter scheduling, improves route efficiency, and enhances overall passenger safety.

For special-purpose vehicles such as engineering and sanitation trucks, our customized multi-angle AI dashcams eliminate blind spots, monitor operational procedures, and record vehicle conditions in real time. This ensures compliance with safety standards and supports timely maintenance, reducing downtime and extending vehicle life.

As a technology-driven company based in Shenzhen, we understand that every commercial vehicle operation is unique. That’s why we go beyond standardized products to offer full-cycle, high-level customization—from hardware configuration to software functionality. Whether it’s adjusting the installation method to suit specific vehicle models, developing exclusive data modules for fleet management, or customizing branding and UI interfaces, our professional team ensures your exact needs are met.

In addition, we offer mature OEM services, providing end-to-end support from product development and prototyping to mass production. With strict quality control and reliable delivery schedules, we help our partners bring customized solutions to market quickly and efficiently.

Guided by the principle of “scenario adaptation and customer empowerment,” HUABAO has delivered tailored AI dashcam solutions to enterprises in logistics, passenger transport, engineering, and more. By combining deep industry knowledge with flexible service models, we help businesses build safer, smarter, and more efficient operations.

Looking ahead, we remain committed to technological innovation and will continue to work closely with commercial vehicle enterprises to develop more targeted in-vehicle video solutions. Together, we aim to build a safer, more efficient, and intelligent operational ecosystem—powered by AI dashcam technology.

To learn more about our customized solutions or explore OEM cooperation opportunities, please contact us today. Let HUABAO AI dashcams safeguard your fleet and drive your business forward.

[Nuremberg, Germany] – [November 25-27, 2025]​ – WAIN Electric is thrilled to announce its participation at SPS 2025. We cordially invite industry professionals, partners, and clients to visit us at our booth from November 25-27, 2025, in Nuremberg, Germany.

• Event:​ SPS 2025
• Dates:​ November 25-27, 2025
• Location:​ Nuremberg Exhibition Centre, Germany
• Our Booth:​ Hall 10.0, Booth 320
•  

Welcome to the future of eyewear. The M02S Smart Glasses are not just your average pair of glasses—they’re a technological revolution. Packed with features that seamlessly blend everyday utility with cutting-edge tech, these glasses are a game-changer for those seeking to enhance their daily lives.

First up, the M02S comes with an 800W HD camera built right into the frame. You can capture photos and videos from a first-person perspective, hands-free. Whether you’re hiking, traveling, or just spending time with friends, the camera lets you record your world instantly.

But that’s just the beginning. M02S also boasts Bluetooth calling, so you can answer phone calls without ever touching your phone. The dual speakers provide directional sound, ensuring that your calls and music are private, without disturbing those around you. Plus, with an impressive 290mAh battery, you’ll enjoy up to 7 hours of music playback and 4 hours of talk time on just a 2-hour charge.

For those who need to stay connected on the go, the AI voice assistant supports ChatGPT, Doubao, and other large models, making it easy to chat with AI anytime. The glasses even have real-time translation and instant recording, perfect for meetings or traveling abroad. The customizable lenses are also great for myopic users, ensuring clear vision and comfort.

With intuitive touch controls and an easy-to-use app, the M02S Smart Glasses truly redefine what smart eyewear can do. It's not just a pair of glasses—it's an upgrade to your lifestyle.

What Are the Performance Advantages of a Hybrid 6-Layer PCB Combining RO4350B and High Tg FR-4?

For engineers designing cutting-edge RF, microwave, and high-speed digital systems, the choice of PCB materials is a critical determinant of performance, reliability, and cost. A homogeneous board made from a single material often forces a compromise. However, a 6-Layer Hybrid PCB that strategically combines Rogers RO4350B on the outer layers with High Tg FR-4 (S1000-2M) on the inner layers breaks this compromise, offering a suite of distinct performance advantages.

This Hybrid PCB Material approach is not a simple cost-cutting measure; it is a performance-optimized architecture that places the right material in the right place to achieve superior results. Here’s a breakdown of its key advantages:

1. Superior High-Frequency Signal Integrity and Low Loss

This is the most significant advantage driven by the RO4350B laminate.

Low Dissipation Factor (Df): RO4350B has an exceptionally low loss tangent of 0.0037 at 10 GHz. When used for the critical outer layers where high-frequency signals are typically routed (e.g., microstrip lines), it minimizes signal attenuation. This means more power reaches the antenna or IC, leading to higher efficiency, better signal-to-noise ratio, and longer range for communication systems.

Stable Dielectric Constant (Dk): With a tight Dk of 3.48±0.05,Rogers4350B ensures consistent characteristic impedance across the entire board and over a range of frequencies and temperatures. This stability is paramount for preventing signal reflections, jitter, and distortion in sensitive RF and high-speed digital circuits.

Performance Impact: Your designs will experience lower insertion loss and more predictable impedance, which is critical for applications like millimeter-wave circuits, point-to-point radio antennas, and radar systems.

2. Excellent Thermal Management and Dimensional Stability

The Hybrid PCB Board construction leverages the thermal properties of both materials to create a robust board.

High Tg of Both Materials: RO4350B has a glass transition temperature (Tg) exceeding 280°C, while the S1000-2M FR-4 has a Tg of 180°C. This high Tg ensures that the board remains mechanically stable and does not soften or deform during the high-temperature stresses of lead-free (RoHS) soldering processes.

Matched CTE with Copper: RO4350B has a X/Y-axis CTE very similar to copper. This means the laminate and the copper traces expand and contract at nearly the same rate during thermal cycling, resulting in excellent dimensional stability. This prevents warping and reduces stress on plated through-holes.

Low Z-Axis CTE of FR-4 Core: The S1000-2M inner core contributes a lower Z-axis CTE, which further enhances the reliability of the plated through-holes that connect the different layers, preventing barrel cracking in severe thermal environments.

Performance Impact: The board offers exceptional reliability through multiple soldering cycles and stable performance in applications with significant thermal swings, such as power amplifiers or outdoor telecommunications equipment.

3. Optimized Cost-Performance Ratio without Compromise

This is the strategic genius of the hybrid approach.

Performance where it Counts: The expensive, high-performance RO4350B material is used exclusively for the outer layers (L1 and L6), which carry the most critical high-frequency signals.

Economy where it Matters: The more cost-effective, yet highly reliable, High Tg FR-4 is used for the inner signal and power planes (L2-L5). These layers are typically shielded by adjacent ground planes, making the ultra-low loss properties of Rogers material less critical, while the FR-4 provides excellent mechanical structure and electrical insulation.

Performance Impact: You achieve 90% of the electrical performance of an all-Rogers board at a fraction of the cost, freeing up budget for other components while still meeting stringent technical requirements.

4. Enhanced Manufacturing Reliability and Plated Through-Hole Integrity

The combination of materials is chosen for manufacturability and long-term reliability.

Ease of Processing: Unlike pure PTFE microwave materials, RO4350B can be processed using standard epoxy/glass (FR-4) manufacturing protocols. It does not require specialized plasma etching for via activation, simplifying the fabrication process and improving yield.

Anti-CAF Performance: The S1000-2M FR-4 material is specifically formulated with excellent Anti-CAF (Conductive Anodic Filamentation) performance. This prevents the growth of copper salts along the glass fibers, a failure mode that can cause short circuits between vias and traces under high humidity and voltage bias, ensuring long-term field reliability.

Robust Vias: The complementary CTE properties of both materials work together to minimize stress on the plated through-holes, ensuring the 20µm via plating remains intact even under thermal shock.

Performance Impact: You get a highly reliable board that is less prone to field failures due to CAF or thermal cycling, which is essential for mission-critical systems in aerospace, defense, and automotive radar.

5. Design Flexibility for Complex, Dense Layouts

The specified construction parameters enable sophisticated designs.

4/4 mil Trace/Space: This fine-line capability allows for denser component placement and more complex routing, enabling more functionality in a compact footprint (like the specified 30.55mm x 37.7mm board).

Blind Vias (L1-L2): These vias connect the outer layer to the adjacent inner layer without going through the entire board. This frees up valuable routing space on the inner layers, simplifies breakout from fine-pitch components like BGAs, and improves signal integrity by reducing via stubs.

Performance Impact: Designers can create more compact and complex boards for advanced systems like commercial airline antennas and guidance systems, where space and weight are at a premium.

Conclusion: A Synergistic Solution

The performance advantages of this 6-Layer Hybrid PCB 4mil RO4350B and High Tg FR-4 are not merely additive; they are synergistic. The RO4350B Frequency PCB delivers the high-frequency speed and signal fidelity, while the High Tg FR-4 provides the mechanical backbone, internal layer functionality, and cost efficiency. Together, they create a platform that is greater than the sum of its parts—offering an optimal balance of electrical performance, thermal reliability, manufacturability, and cost for the most demanding modern electronic applications.

What Makes MT77 a Cost-Effective and FR-4 Compatible RF PCB Material?

1. The Foundation of Cost-Effectiveness: FR-4 Process Compatibility

This is the single most significant factor driving down the total cost of ownership for MT77. Unlike traditional high-performance materials like PTFE (Teflon), which require specialized and expensive processing steps, Astra MT77 integrates seamlessly into existing PCB manufacturing lines.

Here’s a breakdown of what this compatibility means in practice:

• No Exotic Lamination Cycles: PTFE materials often require very high-pressure and long lamination cycles with special prepregs. MT77, however, can be processed using standard FR-4 lamination pressures and temperatures with common multi-functional epoxy prepregs. This leads to shorter production times, higher throughput, and less energy consumption.

• Reduced Drill Wear: PTFE is soft and abrasive, causing rapid wear and tear on drilling machines, which requires more frequent drill bit changes and downtime. MT77's glass-reinforced hydrocarbon ceramic composition is much less abrasive, resulting in significantly reduced drill wear and lower tooling costs.

• Elimination of Plasma Desmear: A critical and costly step for PTFE is plasma desmear, which is necessary to clean and etch the via holes to ensure proper plating adhesion. MT77 does not require this step. Standard chemical desmear processes used for FR-4 are sufficient, removing a capital-intensive and time-consuming process from the workflow.

• Excellent Flow and Fill: The material demonstrates good resin flow during lamination, ensuring reliable filling of internal copper patterns and voids. This improves yield and reliability without needing special techniques.

• Robust PTH Reliability: MT77 exhibits a low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) in the X and Y axes (12 ppm/°C), similar to FR-4. This prevents excessive stress on Plated Through-Holes (PTHs) during thermal cycles (like soldering), ensuring high reliability and reducing the risk of failure.

2. Superior Electrical Performance at a Competitive Price

While Isola Astra MT77 is process-compatible with FR-4, its electrical performance is in a completely different league, offering a compelling alternative to more expensive materials.

• Ultra-Low Loss: With a Dissipation Factor (Df) of 0.0017, MT77 exhibits minimal signal loss (insertion loss). This makes it a direct, cost-effective alternative to PTFE (which can have a Df as low as 0.0009 but at a much higher cost) and far superior to standard FR-4 (which has a Df around 0.020).

• Stable Dielectric Constant (Dk): The Dk of 3.0 remains stable across a wide frequency range (up to W-band) and temperature range (-40°C to +140°C). This stability is crucial for designing predictable, high-performance circuits that won't drift in operation. The cost of achieving this stability with other materials is typically much higher.

The Cost-Performance Spectrum:

Imagine a spectrum where on one end you have Low-Cost FR-4 (with high signal loss), and on the other end you have High-Performance PTFE (with high cost and processing challenges). Astra MT77 positions itself perfectly in the middle, offering ~80% of the electrical performance of PTFE at a fraction of the total cost (both material and fabrication).

3. Enhanced Yield and Scalability

Cost isn't just about the price per panel; it's about how many good boards you get out of the process (yield). MT77's characteristics directly contribute to higher yields:

• Dimensional Stability: The material has excellent dimensional stability, meaning it shrinks and moves less during processing. This is vital for maintaining registration between layers, especially for designs with 4/4 mil trace/space rules. Better registration means fewer scrapped boards.

• Multiple Lamination Cycle Capability: For complex multi-layer boards, the material can withstand the heat and pressure of multiple lamination cycles without degrading, providing design flexibility without compromising reliability.
• Lead-Free Process Compatible: With a high Tg of 200°C, MT77 can easily withstand the higher temperatures required for lead-free soldering without delamination or degradation, which is a mandatory requirement for most modern electronic products.

Conclusion: The Best of Both Worlds

In summary, MT77 Low-loss Dielectric PCB is a cost-effective and FR-4 compatible RF material because it deliberately breaks the traditional trade-off between performance and manufacturability.

• It is cost-effective not because the raw laminate is the cheapest available, but because the Total Cost of Production is lower. Savings from faster lamination, reduced drill wear, eliminated plasma desmear, and higher overall yields dramatically reduce the final cost per functional board.
•  It is FR-4 compatible by design, allowing PCB manufacturers to use their existing equipment, chemistry, and process knowledge. This eliminates the need for costly capital investment and specialized operator training, making advanced RF technology accessible to a much wider range of projects and companies.

For designers working on automotive radar, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), or 5G connectivity, Isola Astra MT77 offers a pragmatic path to market: achieving the necessary radio frequency performance without incurring the prohibitive costs and complexities of traditional microwave materials.

The TRITON-TI represents the pinnacle of dive watch engineering, merging advanced materials with sustainable technology. Crafted from aerospace-grade titanium, this remarkable timepiece weighs 57% less than traditional stainless steel while offering 10 times superior corrosion resistance - making it equally suited for deep-sea exploration and everyday sophistication.

What truly sets the TRITON-TI apart is its innovative solar-powered movement. Harnessing energy from both natural and artificial light sources, it delivers up to 180 days of continuous operation on a full charge, eliminating battery anxiety forever. Professional divers will appreciate its 300-meter water resistance, complemented by a high-temperature fired ceramic bezel and quick-glow luminous markers that ensure perfect readability in the deepest waters.

The watch features a unidirectional rotating bezel for safe dive timing, a secure screw-down titanium crown, and an optical-grade crystal that provides exceptional dial clarity. The subtle matte-gray finish exudes understated elegance, while the silicone strap with titanium buckle offers all-day comfort.

For those seeking uncompromising performance without the weight, the TRITON-TI delivers heavy-duty functionality in an exceptionally lightweight package. It's not just a dive watch - it's your reliable companion for every adventure, above and below the waves.

In today's era of rapid technological advancement, reliable performance under high-temperature conditions has become a critical requirement across numerous industrial applications. From internal combustion engines and electric vehicle battery management systems in the transportation sector to marine equipment, medical devices, and various outdoor installations, high-temperature environments are ubiquitous. As a professional wire harness manufacturer, Aichie Technology fully recognizes that in such demanding operating conditions, the selection of every component is crucial—particularly wire harness connectors responsible for signal transmission and power delivery. These components must maintain stability at elevated temperatures to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the entire system.

I. The Critical Challenges Facing Wire Harness Connectors in High-Temperature Environments
During vehicle operation, whether involving the engine compartment and exhaust systems of conventional fuel-powered vehicles or the battery packs, motors, and high-power charging systems associated with the rapid development of electric vehicles, substantial heat is continuously generated. Additionally, increasingly extreme global climatic conditions impose stringent requirements on the long-term environmental resistance of external automotive wiring harnesses. The operational temperature range in these scenarios typically spans from 60°C to 260°C, with certain extreme cases—such as firefighting equipment—requiring direct exposure to open flames.

Historically, material options capable of withstanding such extreme thermal conditions were limited and often required complex secondary processing techniques (e.g., electron beam cross-linking), resulting in higher production costs and extended lead times, thereby constraining design flexibility. However, transformative changes are underway. Advances in materials science—particularly in resin formulation technologies—are introducing innovative solutions to the wire harness industry.

II. Material Innovation: The Key to Unlocking High-Temperature Performance
The thermal resistance of wire harness connector assemblies is a systematic challenge that demands comprehensive evaluation and strategic material selection across multiple domains:

1. Cable Jacketing and Insulation: Evolution of the Primary Protective Layer
As the "vascular network" of a wiring system, the cable’s outer jacket and conductor insulation serve as the first line of defense. For many years, high-temperature cable jacketing materials were constrained by limited availability. Today, however, resin manufacturers have introduced advanced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) formulations rated for continuous use up to 125°C through sustained research and development efforts. A key advantage of this next-generation TPU is its ability to achieve the required thermal rating without reliance on electron beam cross-linking, eliminating the need for specialized secondary processing. This simplifies manufacturing, significantly reduces costs, shortens delivery cycles, and offers wiring harness designers a more economical and efficient solution.

Regarding electrical insulation materials, selection becomes increasingly application-specific:
- In medium to high-temperature ranges (e.g., connector insulators), mineral- or glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA, such as nylon) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resins are commonly employed. These materials exhibit excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and dielectric properties.
- For high- to ultra-high-temperature applications, high-performance polymers such as polysulfone (PPSU) and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) are essential. These materials can endure prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and aggressive chemical environments. While their injection molding requires precise process control and specialized equipment, they enable feasibility in the most demanding operational contexts.

2. Overmolding: Balancing Structural Integrity and Flexibility
The overmolding process creates a robust, sealed protective layer at the junction between the connector and cable, playing a vital role in mitigating stress concentration and enhancing overall durability. In high-temperature applications, the choice of overmolding material directly influences component performance.

As thermal requirements increase, materials tend toward greater rigidity to preserve structural integrity. A proven approach involves using glass-fiber-reinforced PBT or PA resins for overmolding. These materials maintain exceptional dimensional stability and mechanical strength even under sustained high temperatures. Through meticulous structural design, sealing performance can be optimized while ensuring secure connections, achieving high levels of dust and water resistance (as defined by IP ratings), thereby providing comprehensive protection for critical connection points.

3. Mechanical Hardware and Sealing Components: The Role of Metals and Elastomers
Beyond polymeric materials, mechanical hardware (e.g., coupling nuts, panel-mounting brackets) and sealing elements play equally vital roles in high-temperature systems.

Mechanical Hardware: In high-temperature environments, components should ideally be fabricated from electroless nickel-plated brass or stainless steel. These metallic materials offer superior mechanical strength and melting points far exceeding those of plastic counterparts, ensuring structural integrity under extreme thermal stress.

Sealing Elements (e.g., O-rings): To address combined challenges of high temperature, humidity, and contamination, integrating silicone-based O-rings into connector designs proves highly effective. Premium-grade silicone O-rings can operate reliably over extended periods in environments exceeding 200°C. Their inherent elasticity ensures consistent sealing force at the interface, effectively preventing the ingress of harmful substances.

III. Partnering with Experts: Building Reliable Foundations for High-Temperature Applications
In the face of increasingly complex high-temperature application requirements, material upgrades alone are insufficient to overcome systemic engineering challenges. Behind every successful implementation lies an uncompromising commitment to precision and detail. In this context, selecting a wire harness connector supplier with deep technical expertise and a proven capacity for innovation is paramount to ensuring product reliability and project success.

As a trusted partner, Aichie places customer needs at the core of its operations, delivering end-to-end wiring harness solutions throughout the entire product lifecycle. From precise selection of connectors and cables, through full-cycle harness development and manufacturing, to efficient and secure logistics and delivery, we have established a fully integrated service ecosystem. Each stage reflects rigorous engineering judgment and extensive practical experience. An exceptional wire harness supplier should not merely provide compliant individual components but also possess the capability to deliver holistic solutions—from scientific material selection and optimized connection design to precision manufacturing, rigorous testing, and comprehensive validation. Aichie stands as such a strategic partner, actively engaging in every phase of your project development to ensure stable performance of your products in harsh environments, including extreme temperatures. We are committed to translating cutting-edge advancements in materials science into robust, high-reliability wire harness connection solutions that enhance product durability and extend service life. For inquiries, please contact us at Email: sales03@aichie.com.

Conclusion
High-temperature environments present persistent challenges for the wire harness industry—but they also serve as powerful catalysts for technological innovation. The continuous evolution of resin materials, particularly the emergence of more processable high-temperature alternatives such as advanced TPU, is steadily expanding the frontiers of wiring harness design. As your dependable partner in wire harness solutions, Aichie remains at the forefront of technological progress, integrating state-of-the-art materials and manufacturing processes to deliver connectors and harness assemblies capable of stable, durable, and safe operation under any adverse condition—especially in high-temperature settings. Choosing Aichie means choosing proven connection reliability for your application. Let us collaborate from the very beginning to co-develop and implement successful, high-performance solutions.

Email: sales03@aichie.com

Tel/Whatsapp: +86 18027502150

Abstract:

With the rapid development of automotive intelligence and networking, on-board electronic systems are becoming increasingly complex, which puts forward higher requirements for the rate, reliability and anti-interference ability of communication transmission. Optical fiber harnesses, with their advantages of high speed, low loss, anti-electromagnetic interference and lightweight, are gradually becoming the ideal choice for in-vehicle communication systems. This article systematically analyzes the technical features, application advantages and implementation plans of optical fiber harnesses, and looks forward to their development prospects, providing a reference for the upgrade of automotive communication systems.

Introduction

At present, functions such as autonomous driving, Internet of Vehicles and high-definition entertainment have driven a sharp increase in the volume of in-vehicle data, posing challenges to traditional copper wire transmission in terms of speed and stability. Optical fiber communication technology, with its outstanding performance, provides an effective solution for building a new generation of vehicle-mounted networks. This article conducts an analysis from the dimensions of technical principles, application scenarios and system solutions, explores the role of optical fiber harnesses in promoting the upgrade of automotive communication, and looks forward to their prospects for large-scale application.

Technical Overview of Optical Fiber Harnesses

Optical fiber harnesses use light waves as the transmission carrier and rely on optical fiber media to achieve signal transmission. Their core advantages lie in high speed, high reliability, low loss and resistance to electromagnetic interference, fully matching the communication requirements of vehicle systems for large data volume and high real-time performance. Its communication link is mainly composed of optical fiber connectors and optical fiber conductors, which work together to ensure the stable transmission of signals.

​

1.1 Optical Fiber Connector

Optical fiber connectors are core passive components for achieving active optical fiber connections. They are composed of key structures such as optical fiber reinforcement, alignment, elastic docking, locking, and optical cable fixation (see Figure 1). The core working principle is as follows: Ceramic pins and ceramic sleeves are used to achieve precise alignment of optical fibers. The elastic alignment force is provided by the spring in the pre-compressed state - during the connection, the pins retract to generate secondary compression, ensuring that the two pins are always in a compressed contact state and guaranteeing the stability of the connection. This structural design enables the optical fiber connector to feature reliable insertion and extraction as well as low loss, making it suitable for the usage requirements of vehicle-mounted environments. ​

1.2 Optical Fiber Conductor

Optical fibers have a cylindrical structure and are composed of three layers: the core, the cladding, and the coating (see Figure 2). Their transmission core relies on the principle of total light reflection: when light is incident from the core with a high refractive index (optically dense medium) onto the cladding with a low refractive index (optically sparse medium), if the incident Angle is greater than the critical Angle, all the light will be reflected back to the core, achieving leak-free signal transmission. ​

The core technical features of optical fibers can be summarized in six points:

(1) Outstanding transmission efficiency: Fast transmission speed, long distance, capable of simultaneously carrying massive amounts of data, far exceeding traditional wires; ​

(2) Strong anti-interference ability: It transmits optical signals rather than electrical signals, is not affected by electromagnetic interference, and ensures stable signal quality; ​

(3) Wide frequency band: Supports ultra-high-speed data transmission, meeting the parallel communication requirements of multiple systems in vehicles; ​

(4) Extremely low loss: The theoretical transmission loss can be as low as less than 0.0035 dB per kilometer, achieving long-distance transmission without attenuation. ​

(5) High security: No electromagnetic radiation, not easy to be eavesdropped on, suitable for sensitive data transmission scenarios in vehicles; ​

(6) Lightweight and miniaturization: Compared with copper cables, it is smaller in volume and lighter in weight, facilitating on-board layout and maintenance, and reducing the overall burden on the vehicle.

​

The advantages of optical fiber harnesses in the intelligent application of automobiles

When the transmission rate of traditional copper wires reaches over 10 GB/s, the wire diameter needs to be thickened to meet the requirements. This will directly lead to an increase in the overall vehicle weight and cost, which is contrary to the development trend of automotive lightweighting and low cost. While enhancing communication performance, optical fiber harnesses perfectly avoid the aforementioned drawbacks. Their core advantages are specifically reflected in four aspects:

(1) Transmission rate outperforms traditional wires: Optical fiber harnesses can transmit millions of megabytes of data per second, easily meeting the large data volume transmission requirements of autonomous driving, high-definition entertainment, etc. However, the maximum speed of traditional copper wire networks is only 10GB/s, which is difficult to meet the communication upgrade requirements of intelligent vehicles. ​

(2) Extremely low transmission loss: The loss of optical fibers per kilometer is usually less than 0.0035 dB/m, ensuring high-quality signals even during long-distance transmission. The transmission loss of traditional copper wires reaches 0.5 dB/m, and the signal attenuation is severe during long-distance transmission, requiring additional relay equipment. ​

(3) Electromagnetic interference immunity: The light wave transmission characteristics make it immune to electromagnetic interference generated by the vehicle's internal engine, sensors and other electronic devices, and it will not cause interference to other on-board electronic systems, ensuring communication stability and compatibility with the vehicle's electronic systems. ​

(4) Facilitating vehicle lightweighting: Automotive optical fibers represented by plastic optical fibers (POF) are much lighter than traditional metal wires, which can significantly reduce the vehicle's overall weight, improve fuel economy or driving range, and align with the development direction of automotive energy conservation.

​

Application scenarios of optical fiber harnesses in Automobiles

Optical fiber harnesses have been widely applied in communication, industry, medical care and other fields, but their implementation in the automotive field still faces challenges such as insufficient basic theories, lack of technical specifications, unclear test standards and limited application practices. Its in-vehicle applications need to focus on adapting to the environmental characteristics of different areas of the car and provide targeted solutions.

​

3.1 Application of Optical Fiber Harnesses in the Layout Area

The usage environment of automobiles is complex, and the requirements for the temperature resistance, water resistance and vibration resistance of wiring harnesses vary significantly in different regions. Based on the risk of liquid contact, the vehicle layout area can be divided into three categories, corresponding to different protection levels of the wiring harness:

(1) Wet zone: The area that is bound to come into contact with liquids during regular use, such as the chassis, engine room and other areas outside the passenger cabin. In rainy and snowy weather, the wire harness connectors in this area are prone to contact with rainwater and sewage, and the highest level of waterproof protection is required. ​

(2) Potential wet areas: These are areas that may come into contact with liquids in specific scenarios, such as the floor of the passenger compartment, door handrails, and seat surfaces. They may come into contact with liquids due to opening the door on rainy days, spilling water cups, or dripping condensate water, and require moderate waterproof protection. ​

(3) Absolute dry zone: An area where there is almost no possibility of liquid contact during normal use, such as the interior of the dashboard and the interior of the ceiling, which has the lowest requirements for waterproof sealing. ​

The waterproof sealing requirements of the three aspects decrease successively from the wet area to the dry area, which is the core basis for the layout of the optical fiber harness.

​

3.2 Optical Fiber Harness Application Solutions

The application of optical fiber harnesses in vehicles must simultaneously meet the requirements of electrical performance and mechanical performance, with a focus on addressing the three core challenges of temperature, vibration, and waterproofing. The specific solutions are as follows:

(1) Optical fiber cables: Multi-dimensional adaptation to vehicle environments

For high-temperature environments:

① Select high-temperature resistant materials (such as silicone wire, XLPE wire) to ensure stable insulation at high temperatures;

② It adopts a double-layer coating + ultraviolet curing process to enhance high-temperature resistance.

③ Optimize the layout plan to avoid the engine exhaust pipe and high-temperature vortex areas, and use high-temperature resistant heat insulation coatings (such as aluminum foil fiberglass tubes), while enhancing the aging resistance. ​

In response to waterproofing requirements: A multi-layer protective structure design is adopted - the outermost plastic sheath provides basic waterproofing and mechanical protection, the inner metal sheath enhances the pressure resistance and waterproofing capacity, and a water-swelling water-blocking layer is set in the middle (which rapidly expands to close the path when water invades). The optical fiber is wrapped with grease inside the cable core to absorb trace amounts of moisture, ensuring the optical fiber remains dry in all aspects. For instance, the automotive optical harness solution of Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Co., Ltd. features quartz multimode fibers that meet automotive standards in terms of bending (radius 10mm), tensile strength (150N), temperature adaptability (-40℃ to 125℃), aging (125℃/3000h), and vibration (V3). ​

(2) Optical fiber connector: Dual upgrades for temperature resistance and water resistance

Enhance temperature resistance:

① Design a heat dissipation structure, reserve metal components for heat conduction, add heat dissipation fins to the casing, and use a metal casing to improve heat dissipation efficiency;

② High-temperature resistant materials are selected. The shell and internal structure are made of high-quality engineering plastics resistant to medium and low temperatures, and key components are made of special alloy materials to enhance high-temperature resistance and anti-deformation capabilities. For instance, the non-contact optical connectors launched by Letas Optics offer higher repeatability in insertion and extraction, longer lifespan, lower insertion loss, and lower dust sensitivity compared to traditional products. ​

Enhanced waterproof performance: Adopt a combination solution of heat shrink tubing and sealant - place the heat shrink tubing over the connection part, heat it to shrink and closely adhere to the joint and optical fiber, then evenly apply sealant to fill the gap. After drying and hardening, it forms a double protection to prevent moisture and contaminants from entering. ​

(3) Hybrid connection scheme

It adopts a "fiber optic + electrical connection" hybrid mode: the fiber optic is responsible for high-speed data transmission, and the electrical connection port is responsible for the power supply function of the sensor, taking into account both transmission efficiency and power supply stability, and meeting the requirements of multi-device collaborative operation in vehicles. 

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Conclusion

The development of intelligent automobiles has put forward requirements for high speed, low loss, anti-interference and lightweight communication systems, which has driven the upgrade of traditional copper wires to optical fiber harnesses. Optical fiber harnesses, with their core advantages such as transmission efficiency, anti-interference ability and lightweight, perfectly match the communication requirements of vehicles. Through implementation measures such as regional protection design, material and process optimization, and hybrid connection schemes, the adaptation to the complex on-board environment has been achieved. ​

In the future, with the improvement of basic theories, the standardization of technical norms, and the accumulation of application practices, optical fiber harnesses will be applied on a large scale in the automotive industry, becoming the communication support for core functions such as autonomous driving and the Internet of Vehicles, injecting key impetus into the intelligent upgrade of automobiles, and leading in-vehicle communication into a new era of high speed, reliability and efficiency.